Puppies < 8 weeks old have proteinuria, glucosuria, and decreased urine concentration, which has been considered normal, presumably due to immature renal function. A recent study of voided urine from 118 apparently healthy, random-source puppies found mean urine specific gravity to be significantly lower in puppies 0-3 weeks old when compared to those 4-24 weeks old. Among the age groups studied, there was no difference in the frequency of positive protein or occult blood on dipstick analysis, and none of the samples had positive glucose, ketone, bilirubin, or urobilinogen reactions. In 41 samples, urine sediment was evaluated. Most common sediment findings were epithelial cells (83%), white blood cells (44%), and crystals (37%).
Reference: Faulks and Lane, JAAHA 39:369-378, 2003.

Clinical findings are summarized in 40 dogs with systemic hypersensitivity reactions associated with administration of potentiated sulfonamides. Dogs ranged from 6 mos to 14 yrs of age, with a mean of 5.7 ± 3.2 yrs. Spayed female dogs were overrepresented (24 of 40; 60%), as were Samoyeds (3 of 40; 8%) and Miniature Schnauzers (5 of 40; 13%). Mean dosages of potentiated sulfonamides were 47.0 ± 14.9 mg/kg/d (range, 23.4–81.4 mg/kg/d). Time from the 1st administration of drug to onset of clinical signs of hypersensitivity ranged from 5 to 36 d, with a mean of 12.1 ± 5.9 d. No relationship was found between dosage or type of sulfonamide given and time until onset of clinical signs. Fever (55% of dogs) and thrombocytopenia (54%) were most commonly observed, followed by hepatopathy (28%). Neutropenia, keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), hemolytic anemia, arthropathy, uveitis, skin and mucocutaneous lesions, proteinuria, facial palsy, suspected meningitis, hypothyroidism, pancreatitis, facial edema, and pneumonitis also were observed in some patients. Of 39 dogs with adequate follow-up, 30 (77%) recovered, whereas 8 (21%) either died or were euthanized, and 1 dog recovered clinically but had persistently increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity. Dogs with hepatopathy generally had a significantly poorer prognosis (46% recovery) than dogs without hepatopathy (89% recovery; p = 0.0035). Of dogs with thrombocytopenia, 63% recovered, compared to 90% of those without thrombocytopenia (p = 0.042). Recovery was not associated with sex, age, breed, or type of sulfonamide administered.
Reference: Trepanier et al, J Vet Int Med 17:647-652, 2003.