Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are used to control the pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis. Inflammation, the body's response to irritation or injury, is characterized by redness, warmth, swelling, and pain. NSAIDs work by blocking the production of prostaglandins, the body chemicals that cause inflammation.

In veterinary medicine approved veterinary NSAIDs are used to control the pain of osteoarthritis in dogs and some veterinary NSAIDs are approved for the control of postoperative pain in dogs. However, there are risks and benefits with all commonly prescribed veterinary drugs, including NSAIDs. Veterinarians and pet owners should be aware of the following facts:

• Oral NSAIDs are approved for use in dogs only.
• All dogs should undergo a thorough history and physical examination before beginning NSAID therapy.
• Appropriate blood/urine tests should be performed to establish baseline data prior to, and periodically during, administration of any NSAID.
• Veterinary NSAIDs may be associated with gastrointestinal ulcers/perforations, liver, and kidney toxicity.
• Use with other anti-inflammatory drugs, such as other NSAIDs and corticosteroids, should be avoided.
• Patients at greatest risk for kidney problems are those that are dehydrated, are on diuretic treatment, or have pre-existing kidney, heart, and/or liver problems.
• NSAIDs can cause stomach or intestinal bleeding.

When giving a pet an NSAID, watch for these side effects, which are listed on the Client Information Sheet and on the drug label:

• Decrease or increase in appetite
• Vomiting
• Change in bowel movements (such as diarrhea or black, tarry, or bloody stools)
• Change in behavior (such as decreased or increased activity level, seizure, aggression, or lack of coordination)
• Yellowing of gums, skin, or whites of the eyes (jaundice)
• Change in drinking habits (frequency or amount consumed)
• Change in urination habits (frequency, color, or smell)
• Change in skin (redness, scabs, or scratching).